This month’s sculpture from Hadrian’s Villa is a fragment of a dark grey marble panel with depictions of a centaur and a herm of Hercules.
Formerly the property of the Duke Braschi in Tivoli, the relief was acquired by the National Roman Museum in 1913 from Giorgio Sangiorgi, a well-known antique dealer whose gallery was in the Palazzo Borghese in Rome. Today, it is housed in the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme in Rome.
Reconstructed from three different fragments, this relief belonged to a frieze of six other fragments that are known and kept in the Vatican Museums as a private collection. The frieze was organized into figured metopes with mythological scenes, while the empty metopes between them were completed with inlays of marble in different colours or with a plaque made of a different material.
The Palazzo Massimo fragment is beautifully decorated with a Centaur and a herm of Hercules. In the left metope, a young musician centaur, crowned with pine, rides towards the left. He carries a tympanum and the Bacchic thyrsus in one hand.
In the right metope, which the lower part is missing, stands a herm of the young Hercules in his lionskin, crowned with vine leaves. Next to the herm lies a sacrificial tripod covered with offerings of flowers and fruits and a palm branch.
Depictions of Hercules and musician centaurs often appear in Dionysian scenes of Roman sarcophagi in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
The upper part of the relief is adorned with a vegetal frieze in which cupids are shown hunting. The lower part of the relief is decorated with marine scenes, in which a wolf, a horse, a wild boar, and a lion are represented as sea monsters.
The provenance of the relief within Hadrian’s Villa is unknown, but it might have come from the area of the Serapeum. It certainly decorated the lower or middle part of the wall of a room in the Villa. The complex has yielded many sculptures made of dark marble from the Göktepe quarries near Aphrodisias Asia Minor. The Göktepe quarries provided high-quality marble and produced white and black statuary marble and grey varieties, ultimately tied with the sculptors of the famous School of Aphrodisias, like the so-called Furietti Centaurs, the famous pair of centaurs in the Capitoline Museums.
Bibliography:
- J. Charles-Gaffiot & H. Lavagne, Hadrien : trésors d’une villa impériale, Electa, Milan, 1999, p.194.
- P. Pensabene, Fregio in marmo nero da Villa Adriana, Archaeologia Classica, XXVIII, 1976, p.125-160.
