Hadrian portrait, Museum, Nerva–Antonine dynasty, Roman Portraiture

The Nerva-Antonines in Copenhagen

The NY Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen has a spectacular imperial Roman sculpture gallery. Their collection of portraits of the members of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty is particularly impressive.

The Nerva–Antonine dynasty was a dynasty of seven Roman Emperors who ruled from AD 96 to AD 192. These Emperors were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus, and Commodus. Five of them are commonly known as the “Five Good Emperors”. The term was coined by political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli in his 1531 manuscript Discourses on Livy.

From the study of this history we may also learn how a good government is to be established; for while all the emperors who succeeded to the throne by birth, except Titus, were bad, all were good who succeeded by adoption, as in the case of the five from Nerva to Marcus. But as soon as the empire fell once more to the heirs by birth, its ruin recommenced.

In the view of Dio Cassius, Commodus’ accession marked the descent “from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust” (Dio 72.36.4), a famous comment which has led some historians, notably Edward Gibbon, to take Commodus’ reign as the beginning of the decline of the Roman Empire.

  • Nerva (ruled AD 96 – 98)
Portrait of Nerva from Rome. Dated AD 96-98.
Nerva?. Dated to the beginning of the 2nd century AD.
  • Trajan (AD ruled 98 – 117)
Statue of Trajan from Rome. Dated  AD 98-117.
Bust of Trajan from the Baths of Caracalla in Rome. Dated AD 98-117.
Portrait head of Trajan.
Portrait head of Trajan.
Bust of Hadrian from Rome. Dated AD 125-138 AD.
Portrait head of Hadrian from Italy.
  • Empress Sabina, wife of Hadrian
Portrait head of Sabina. Dated c. AD 128.
Portrait head of Empress Sabina from Ostia. Dated c. AD 117-118.
Statue of Antinous as Dionysus. Dated AD 130-138.
Portrait head of Antinous. Dated shortly after AD 130 AD.
Statue of Antoninus Pius.
Fragmented portrait of Antoninus Pius. Dated AD 138-161.
Bust of Antoninus Pius.
  • Empress Faustina the Elder, wife of Antoninus Pius
Portrait head of Empress Faustina the Elder. Dated c. AD 140.
Head of Marcus Aurelius from the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. Dated AD 170-180.
Portrait head of Marcus Aurelius from Tusculum near Rome. Dated AD 144-145.
Statue of Marcus Aurelius.
  • Empress Faustina the Younger, wife of Marcus Aurelius
Portrait head of Empress Faustina the Younger. Dated AD 162.
Portrait head of Empress Faustina the Younger from Tarsos (Asia Minor). Dated to the mid-2nd century AD.
Portait head of Lucius Verus. Dated c. AD 160-170.
Bust of Young Lucius Verus.
Portrait head of Young Commodus.
Portrait head of Commodus.
Portrait head of Commodus. Dated AD 191-192.
  • Empress Crispina, wife of Commodus
Bust Empress Crispina. Dated c. AD 180.

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